African Americans And The Criminal Justice System

Introduction African American males are overrepresented in the criminal justice and many times are subject to harsher sentences than their Caucasian counterparts. African American males also experience racial profiling and have more negative interactions than any other population in the United States. Ibie, Obie, and Obiyan states, â€Å"African Americans have continued to be the repository for American crime and to be treated as amalgamation of presumed group trait rather than as individuals†. This topic is important because African American adolescents are less likely to be referred to rehabilitation or diversion programs and more likely to be sent to juvenile and/or prison. History has not been kind to African Americans and the injustices experienced by African Americans in the criminal justice system is extremely high. According to Weatherspoon, â€Å"The Supreme Court condoned and perpetuated many of the present day stereotypical biases concerning African Americans in the landma rk decision of Dred Scott v. Sanford†. Over that past few years, with the advent of social media, the world is becoming more aware of the injustices and brutality suffered by African American males in the justice system. Many view this as a new phenomenon, but others know this abuse has always occurred, it is just now there are cameras taping the violence. Many people are waking up to what is occurring, but there are many others who are denial and who refuse to acknowledge the oppression and racismShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Criminal Justice System Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many ways the criminal justice system plays a huge role in the discrimination against all people of color. Mostly, there are a wide range of studies within the African American communities that expresses concern, prejudice, and even racial profiling in the criminal justice system pertaining to blacks. Judges, jurors, police officers, and even marriages are key roles of the so cietal disadvantages African Americans have. African Americans are even being arrested more than any other race inRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Criminal Justice System1500 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout American history, the African-American population has been in the minority, and has been persecuted for hundreds of years. What Taylor-Thompson is stating is that African-Americans usually hold the minority in court decisions as well, which poses a problem due to the majority overriding their vote. Due to the racial tensions, the judicial system ultimately changed in order to include more minorities in juries, however it was lopsided during the Simpson trial. During the tumultuous 1990sRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Criminal Justice System1394 Words   |  6 Pagesbiases within a myriad of institutions. One of these institutions which have policies which negatively affect minorities is the criminal justice system. There is an overrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos within prisons. Discrimination and prejudice have morphed throughout time to continue to keep individual without power. There are more African American adults in prison or jail, on probation or parole—than were enslaved in 1850 (Alexander. New Jim Crow.) Through the history of thisRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System For African Americans1874 Words   |  8 Pagesrisen over the past decade or so is the criminal justice system being against African Americans, but to be more specific is the criminal justice system being against African American males. The incarceration rate and the number of police brutality cases have been at all time high rises and t he overall treatment African Americans receive from the criminal justice system. There have been numerous amounts of cases that have come to face dealing with African Americans and law enforcement. The types of casesRead MoreThe African-American Male and the Criminal Justice System2725 Words   |  11 PagesAfrican American Male and Crime Justice System [Authors Name] [Institutions Name] African American Male and Crime Justice System Introduction The past quarter century has seen an enormous growth in the American incarceration rate. Importantly, some scholars have suggested that the rate of prison growth has little to do with the theme of crime itself, but it is the end result of particular U.S. policy choices. Clear (2007) posits that these policy choices have had well-defined implicationsRead MoreCriminal Justice System : A Social Problem Within The African American Community2025 Words   |  9 PagesAny criminal justice system reflects its society and its times. Currently, in my culture, the African American culture, people commit crimes for the number one reason being to feed their families. What is considered a crime? How does the Criminal Justice System work? How is the amount of time determined? Why do African American get more time than the white man? Why are more black men in prison than any other ethnicities? The Criminal Justice System is a social problem within the African AmericanRead MoreSocialization Te chniques Of African American Male Within The Criminal Justice System1325 Words   |  6 Pagestechniques of African Americans, in particular black males in the criminal justice system are vastly dissimilar in comparison to their white counterparts. The dominant socialization indifference is theoretically associated with Marxist Criminology schools of thought, in particular conflict theory. Qualitative, empirical, and historical data supports Marxist criminology based on capitalism, conflict, and the disparity treatment of the Afro-American male within the criminal justice system: police, courtsRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System : An Analysis Of Income And Racial Inequality Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesRyan Williams English 102 Professor 6 May 2015 The Criminal Justice System: an Analysis of Income and Racial Inequality In the history of civilized communities, one finds that different structures and practices are relevant and necessary to uphold and maintain order within society—hence, the establishment of the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system, according to the Oxford Dictionaries (2010), is defined as â€Å"the system of law enforcement that is directly involved in apprehendingRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 Pagesperceptions on the American criminal justice system? Michelle Alexander was able to accomplish that by altering some people s entire perception on the American criminal justice system by focusing on our most pressing civil right issues of our time for some of those who did read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despised in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegal immigrants - it is criminals. That was anRead MoreRacial Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System1512 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough saying the criminal justice system is racist is a controversial statement, there is evidence and statistics that prove it to be true. Research and evidence validate the issue of racism to be undeniable. Equality and justice are out of reach with the racism that takes place in our criminal justice syste m and our country. Racial discrimination is prevalent amongst the African American culture in issues regarding drug use, and incarceration which creates unfair inequality for this race. I will

Sex Education and the American Family Essay - 1345 Words

For years, the question â€Å"Should schools teach sex education?† has been asked in American households; and many families have agreed that they would rather not have the schools teach sex education to their children. In each region of the country, there are families that feel the money should not fund sex education, especially funds put into public education, because that is â€Å"a duty for the parents.† A question remains, however, why people do not discuss sex with their children, and does this lack of communication between child and parent affect the child’s future. This lack of communication has been proven through studies to be harmful to the lifestyles and well-being of members of society. The importance of family involvement and†¦show more content†¦The data from the studies displayed that mostly practicing religious families and stable two-parent households have been examples how family involvement affects the outcome and possibility of sexua l activity in offspring. Researchers examined families with strong religious backgrounds to be fifty percent less likely to have many sexual partners if any. Strongly devout Christian families encourage and influence their children to practice abstinence in order to â€Å"stay pure† and healthy. By doing so, the opportunity to â€Å"reach Heaven and find moral peace† is easier and more likely. Research has also shown that children from two-parent households are encouraged abstinence and are fifteen percent less likely to have sex or many sexual partners. Two-parent homes represent stability within the family unit and show a value of commitment to one person; therefore, the children raised in these types of homes will be less inclined to be promiscuous or curious about sex with others because they have been raised that one person should only be committed to one other. This is one example of how family involvement can teach children that more comes from sex and more is t o be considered, such as how sex can make a family and teach values. Families also have the ability to delay sex in their children’s lives, which is both good and bad, but studies have shown that theShow MoreRelatedSingle Sex Education : Harmful Or Helpful?1654 Words   |  7 PagesSingle Sex Education: Harmful or Helpful? Imagine walking down a hallway, where there are two doors opposite of each other. One of the doors is covered in pink frills and pictures of princesses, while the other is decked in blue and pictures of sports. From the pink door, giggles are heard along with sounds of cups clicking as girls have a tea party. While from the blue door, sounds of pretend racecars and children running can be heard. Now, are these classes taught equally? The public school systemRead MoreLets Talk About Sex Education Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesComprehensive sex education should be taught in public schools. The youth of today cannot make educated decisions regarding sex if they are not properly educated. Not educating America’s youth in all aspects of sex education is comparable to allowing them to drive without being taught. This choice of not allowing comprehensive sex education is schools is dangerous and can have life long consequences. These consequences will not only affect the individual but can ultimately affect America. It is vitalRead More Education Is Key: A Comprehensive Approach to Sex Education Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesSex education is about informing students about sex so that they can make educated decisions when the time comes to have sex. Sex education helps students protect themselves from unintended pregnancies, STDs, and HIV/AIDS. Students should leave a sex education course with the right tools so they make informed decisions about their sexual health and well-being. The goal of sex education is to provide a student with as much information as possible so that they can use the skills they learned inRead MoreUnintended Pregnancy : An American Epidemic Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesUnintended Pregnancy: An American Epidemic This year in America, over one million teens will become pregnant. More than 80% of these pregnancies will be unintended (North Carolina PRAMS 2009). Unintended pregnancy is commonly defined as â€Å"a pregnancy that is reported to have been either unwanted (that is, the pregnancy occurred when no children, or no more children, were desired) or mistimed (that is, the pregnancy occurred earlier than desired)† (CDC 2015). Though some teen pregnancies are intentionalRead MoreSex And Its Effects On Children1706 Words   |  7 PagesWhen someone hears the word â€Å"sex†, or talks about sex, there is usually awkwardness that follows. Sex was a topic that is not supposed to be discussed publicly. Why is something so natural illegal to discuss or educate? Today, 1 in 4 teenagers acquire a sexually transmitted disease/infection. In 2015, 13,828 youth males were diagnosed with HIV. These statistics are so high because of the insufficient amount and the lack of information bein g taught to teens. With the media’s lack of discretion, teensRead MoreSexual Education And Sex Education1358 Words   |  6 PagesDo Not Have Sex, You Will Get Pregnant Die (Mean Girls) What if a rapist was coming at someone? Do kids know what to do besides lie on the ground and cry? What if a teenager had an unplanned pregnancy? Do they know their options about abortion or adoption or keeping the baby? Will young adults know the results of their choices? Sexual education teaches all of the following, and kids in the curriculum are more likely to defend themselves in a plot when they were approached by a stranger (â€Å"TeachingRead MoreSex Education Are Essential For Teens1479 Words   |  6 PagesSex Education is a controversial but extremely important topic. Yet, we are doing very little to address it. Teaching sex education in schools are essential for teens to help build a strong foundation of sexual health. Although sex education must begin at home, some parents feel uncomfortable talking about the topic with their children and they believe teaching their children about sex can end up encouraging them to engage in sexual intercourse. Due to that, parents and schools try to emphasize theRead MoreDisadvantages Of Sex Education1734 Words   |  7 PagesSex education helps people gain the information, skills and motivation to make healthy decisions about sex and initially assists with determining their individual sexuality. Unfortunately, when most students are done with sex education classes, they do not have a clear understanding of contraception and safe sex practices and the benefits they allow for. Almost everything revolves around sex or doing drugs and the peer and media pressure that follows is unwavering. Although we have a handful ofRead MoreThe Case For Rights Education1665 Words   |  7 PagesYouth to Undergo Sexual Education Courses Abramson, Seth. The Case for Rights Education Alongside Sex Education. The Huffington Post, 18 July 2016. The Huffington Post, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-case-for-rights-education-alongside-sex-education_us_578d282de4b0d4229484d76d. Accessed 21 Nov. 2016. In â€Å"The Case for Rights Education Alongside Sex Education†, Seth Abramson states that the reason sex education is present in the majority of all American schools is because sex matters. He makes anRead MoreEssay on Comprehensive Sex Education900 Words   |  4 Pages having knowledge about sex is as essential as having education about human anatomy. However, it is highly recommended to pay close attention when sex education is delivered to youths. (Donatelle 171) What and when do American parents want their children to be thought about sex? This is an ongoing question that parents seek to find the best answer, to be able to inform their kids about sexuality in order to build up a strong foundation for sexual health. Sex education, as it is understood today

Outsourcing in logistics sector Essay Example For Students

Outsourcing in logistics sector Essay Nowadays, many organisation are outsourcing their non- core activities to an external agents. Distribution is one of these activities as distribution consider as a non-core activity for many firms. Although, there are many advantage for outsourcing, there are also risks and disadvantage in this process. In this essay I would explain the term outsourcing and explain why organisations are preferring to outsource some of its functions in todays environment. Also, in this essay it has been tried to analysis the advantage and disadvantage of the outsourcing process and its risks towards the organisation. The word outsourcing could be described as the contractual relationship with a specialised outside service provider for work traditionally done in-house. Outsourcing could also be defined as the use of external agents to perform one or more organisational activities. In the last decade or so there has been a trend, particular among large scale companies, to hand over the whole or part of the distribution function to the external agents. One should emphasis that outsourcing is an issue that is not specific to distribution. Many other organisational functions, such as information system, building maintenance, etc, have been outsource for many years in organisations. There are different reasons for organisations outsourcing their distribution function. More and more organisations today face a dynamic and changing environment. This, in turn, is requiring these organisations to adapt. Competition is also changing. The global economy means that competitors are likely to come from across the ocean as from across town. Successful organisations will be the ones that can change in response to the competition and changing environment. In other words, they will be flexible. Therefore, todays organisation stand in sharp contrast to the typical bureaucratic organisations that have many vertical levels of management and where control is sought through ownership. In such organisations, Research and Development are done in-house, production occurs in company-owned plants, and sales and distribution are performed by the companys own employees. To support all this, management has to employ extra personal including accountants, human resources specialist and supply chain management specialists. However, nowadays successful organisations outsource many of these functions and concentrate on what it do best. Outsourcing can help organisations to reduce the impact of change in the environment by outsourcing some functions to specialist companies on that function who have more expertise and focus to concentrate on managing change. So, outsourcing could consider as a strategy to manage change in the external environment. Globalisation is another aspect which has impact upon increasing outsourcing. Nowadays, many companies are turning their attention to foreign markets, the number of global companies are accelerating. But these companies do not have in-house expertise to negotiate or operate the supply chain process in international markets. So, they need to outsource their supply chain to logistic companies which have international expertise in the distribution function. The another reason for increasing outsourcing is the increasing complexity of distribution networks. Storing and moving goods have become more complex as the technology is advancing too fast. A manufacturing organisation normally do not want to waste its management resources to this functions. Therefore, they prefer to outsource this function to logistics companies which possess all the necessary skills and technology in this service. For example, Marks and Spencer, one of the worlds leading retailers has outsource its distribution f unction to Exel , one of the leading companies in supplying logistic service. MS has approached Exel to take control of its complex distribution service. Now, Exel provides a distribution service for 23 MS stores in South England, and also deals with MS in France, Spain and Hong Kong. Exel has bought a revolutionary technology to MS export operation by enabling 10 suits to be shipped in the space normally occupied by four garments. In addition, MS customers start to get a high level of service because stores could be replenished quickly. All these and other benefits MS has gained through outsourcing its complex distribution service. There are many advantages which a company could get from outsourcing its distribution functions. It could reduce the operating cost of the firms. A study which has been conducted in 1993 reported that a company could reduce 9% of its operating costs by outsourcing. When a company is outsourced its distribution function to world-class provider, it would r educe the cost of this function as the provider would be more efficient and specialist in this function. Also, by outsourcing non-core activities like distribution, a company could focus on its core activities and increase revenues. . Managers realise that by outsourcing their routine, nonessential operations, they can better focus on the core competencies that truly differentiate them from competitor. For example, Ericsson one, of the leading companies in the telecommunication industry, wanted to reduce its costs in the supply chain by finding a solution to its warehouses in Philippines. Ericsson is always trying to reduce costs in different areas of business, this is including, the supply chain so as to save money and focus on Research and development. Therefore, Ericsson turned to Exel. Ericsson has leased the warehousing operation to Exel on a two years contract. Exel has provided a flexible service to Ericsson which has resulted in cost saving and made Ericsson concentrate on i ts core businesses. Before Ericsson has to handle the warehouse operation in-house but it was not the core competencies of the business. Another advantage of outsourcing is the reduction of the need to invest in non-core business assets such as warehousing and carriers. This will allow the firm to make the capital funds more available for core functions such as research and development in the telecommunication industry. For example, Northern Telecom manufacture enterprise which is operating in 130 countries have outsourced its distribution service to Ryder Dedicated Logistic. The main reason for Northern Telecom to outsource its distribution function, it did not want to invest in non-core activities. The core competency of Northern is not fleet management. If the president of our company has a million dollars to invest, will he put it into fixing tracks or a new telecommunication system? says David Grant, General Manager, Global Logistic.The development and increasing implementation of outsourcing has not been without its problem. The cost escalation and lack of quality of service are two of the more frequent complaints from firms towards the third party, although contractors argue that these problems often stem from firms failure to be precise about what they want by outsourcing their distribution service. Clear objectives need to be set by and to achieve this a high level of communication and understanding between firm and service provider must be established. Theres no magic solution, experts agree. But organisations can reduce outsourcing anxiety and boost their chances for success by carefully assessing their needs, finding outsourcers that match those needs and, above all, engaging those outsourcers in a functional, committed relationship. More and more, outsourcing deals are not being patterned after the traditional vendor/client relationship but are being forged as intensive, long-term and highly interdependent partnerships in which value and risk ar e shared. Another risk outsourcing is the impact of outsourcing on those currently responsible for management of the function is fundamental. If the service is outsourced, the management of the provision of the service from within the organisation is radically changed from management of a function to management of the business relationship with a contractor. The lack of control posed by movement of this function outside of the organisation is often seen as the greatest risk of outsourcing. Therefore, it needs to be carefully planned and managed. In reality, the effect of outsourcing can simply be seen as a shift in focus from managing a function to managing a contractual relationship. If properly implemented, it need not represent a loss of control. Careful planning together with a contract written to provide for control measures such as performance monitoring, and good contract administration will minimise or negate any lack of control. Outsourcing now commonly includes asset trans fers. Examples are transfers of staff, sale of existing equipment, and/or a transfer of existing contracts used in the provision of the service. It is common for specialist outsourcing companies to seek a transfer of existing staff to do the work. An organisation can facilitate this process by allowing communication between staff and bidders about options for staff. Many staff view the opportunity to work with an organisation that specialises in their field as valuable; others will prefer redeployment or simply a redundancy. Sometimes the sale, lease or sublicense of a site is also involved. It is therefore important that a complete asset valuation is undertaken as part of the process of defining an organisations current service and preferred requirements. An examination of relevant documentation should also be undertaken. The organisation must know what equipment and other physical property it has, including consumables, what contracts are currently used in the provision of the ser vice and relevant details of those contracts. The Problem Of Gender Discrimination EssayIt is common for specialist outsourcing companies to seek a transfer of existing staff to do the work. An organisation can facilitate this process by allowing communication between staff and bidders about options for staff. All these need to be consider when the company decide to outsource its distribution activities to the external agents. As noted, there are many advantages for companies who choose outsourcing as a means of satisfying their logistics need, but just as there are advantages there are also disadvantages. Outsourcing is based upon fundamental principles and, if those are applied at the outset of a relationship, the parties will most likely have an effective, successful relationship. But if the parties enter into an agreement that is not based on those principles, the result will be an unsatisfactory relationship and, probably, an early termination of the contract. The first of these basic principles is for the buyer to determine the scope of services and the metrics for the performance levels it wants from the supplier. This is the only way a buyer can achieve a comfort level with turning over its process to the supplier and ensuring that it gets what it pays for. This is the only way to ensure accountability from the supplier. It must be done up-front, before the contract is signed. A certain cause for failure in an outsourcing relationship is for the buyer to let the supplier dictate what the services and performance levels will be. Another sure cause for failure is for the buyer not to completely describe the scope and boundaries of every component of the service. This can lead to a supplier providing something that was not agreed upon and then charging a premium for it or the supplier not providing something the buyer assumed it would be getting for the price it is paying. Theres no magic solution for these problems. But organisations can reduce outsourcing anxiety and boost their chances for success by carefully assessing their needs, finding outsourcers that match those needs and, above all, engaging those outsourcers in a functional, committed relationship. More and more, outsourcing deals are not being patterned after the traditional vendor/client relationship but are being forged as intensive, long-term and highly interdependent partnerships in which value and risk are shared. Another disadvantage of outsourcing is the loss of control, especially when small organisation outsource its distribution service. The way to get around that problem is to be careful when selecting vendors and when crafting outsourcing contracts. For example, contracts should include objective measures of performance and a timetable for meeting those objectives. Should a vendors performance fall below a performance standard or otherwise come up short, the company should have a course of action to take. In addition, the logistic company may be distributing the products, but ultimately the manufactory are responsible for the customer relationship. The customer only cares about receiving the product not who sent it or how it got there. The company need to monitor and evaluate the work of the third party and need to be firm in its needs as the poor performance from the logistic will lead the firm to loose its customers and eventually loose its market share. A firm should outsource any activity which reduce or distract from its ability to focus on core activities of the firm. If the organisation do everything, it would not have the ability to develop its core competencies and gain competitive advantage. But there is important point, which is, firms should be careful when they select the company which will provide the necessary service. The relationship between the company and the outsourcing vendor is of the utmost importance. Effective and thorough contractual agreements are the key t o a successful distribution outsourcing experience. The specific needs of the organisation should be matched with the suppliers capabilities during negotiations, to develop a contract around a shared vision. Also, the firm need to check if the provider are capable to do the job in proper way. Most of the failure of outsourcing cause when the third party do not provide the desire service to the firm. Also, the firm should be monitor the third party to check if they are doing the right jobBibliography:www.firmbuilder.comwww.exel.comwww.cnn.comwww.ft.com